Medieval India

Sondhar (सोंधर)

English

Agricultural loans advanced by the state to rural cultivators during droughts, crop failures, or land reclamation projects.

Historical background

State-provided agricultural loans like sondhar reflect a genuine, if limited, welfare dimension to Sultanate-era governance — particularly under Muhammad bin Tughlaq, whose broader economic experimentation (however mixed its actual success) included real attempts at state-supported agricultural development beyond simple revenue extraction.

हिंदी में

सूखे, फसल-नाश अथवा भूमि-पुनरुद्धार परियोजनाओं के दौरान राज्य द्वारा ग्रामीण कृषकों को दिए जाने वाले कृषि-ऋण।

ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि

सोंधर जैसे राज्य-प्रदत्त कृषि ऋण सल्तनत-कालीन शासन के एक वास्तविक कल्याण-आयाम को दर्शाते हैं — विशेषतः मुहम्मद बिन तुग़लक़ के अधीन।

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