From the free UGC NET History Mock Test 10 — Unit 10: Historical Method, Research, Methodology, and Historiography unit-wise mock test — real question, real answer, real explanation.
In historical research methodology, the process of verifying the authenticity, authorship, date, and origin of a document is termed:
External Criticism (or Lower Criticism / Heuristics) ✓
Internal Criticism (or Higher Criticism / Hermeneutics)
Synthesis
Historiographical Analysis
External Criticism (heuristics) checks a source's authenticity — is the document genuine, correctly dated, and by the claimed author.
The evaluation of the reliability, accuracy, credibility, and truthfulness of the statements contained within a historical text is known as:
Internal Criticism (or Higher Criticism / Hermeneutics) ✓
External Criticism
Paleography
Sigillography
Internal Criticism examines whether the content of an authenticated source is actually credible and truthful.
Who was the founding editor of the influential French Annales School of historiography launched in 1929 alongside Georges Lefebvre?
Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre ✓
Fernand Braudel
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
Jacques Le Goff
Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre launched the Annales journal in 1929, founding the influential Annales School of social/structural history.
The concept of La Longue Durée (the long duration / long-term structural history) was propounded by which prominent Annales historian?
Fernand Braudel ✓
Marc Bloch
Lucien Febvre
Pierre Nora
Braudel's la longue durée emphasised slow-changing, deep structures (geography, climate, economy) over short-term political events.
Marc Bloch wrote which masterwork on historical methodology and the historian's craft before his execution by the Gestapo during WWII?
The Historian's Craft (Apologie pour l'histoire) ✓
Feudal Society
The Royal Touch
The Mediterranean
Bloch wrote The Historian's Craft while active in the French Resistance, shortly before his execution by the Gestapo in 1944.
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Itihaaskar — UGC NET/JRF & UPSC History Optional notes by Parveen Malik (B.Tech. (CSE), M.A. (History), History JRF). Also spelt Itihaskar.
