Question 1

The Tinkathia System enforced by indigo planters in Champaran, Bihar, compelled peasants to cultivate indigo on:

Accepted Answer

3/20th portion of their total holding — Under Tinkathia, peasants were compelled to grow indigo on 3/20th (three kathas per bigha) of their landholding on terms fixed by planters — the system's exploitative nature was central to the grievances Gandhi investigated during his first major Indian campaign, the 1917 Champaran Satyagraha.

Question 2

The Deccan Riots of 1875 in Maharashtra were predominantly directed by agrarian peasants against:

Accepted Answer

Moneylenders (Marwaris and Gujars) and their debt bonds — The 1875 Deccan Riots saw indebted peasants targeting moneylenders and destroying debt bonds/records — a direct response to worsening agrarian indebtedness under colonial revenue and market conditions, distinct from a directly anti-British political uprising.

Question 3

To address agrarian distress following the Deccan Riots, the colonial government enacted which legislation in 1879?

Accepted Answer

Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act — The Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Act (1879) was the colonial government's legislative response to the Deccan Riots, aimed at offering some protection to indebted peasants — the Punjab Alienation of Land Act addressed a related but geographically distinct concern two decades later.

Question 4

The Punjab Alienation of Land Act of 1900 was passed to restrict:

Accepted Answer

The transfer of agricultural land from agricultural tribes to non-agricultural moneylending classes — The Punjab Alienation of Land Act restricted land transfer from designated "agricultural tribes" to non-agricultural (often moneylending) classes — intended to protect the Punjabi peasantry the colonial state relied on heavily for army recruitment, reflecting a distinctly political as well as economic motivation.

Question 5

In the context of British colonial trade policies, One-Way Free Trade imposed on India after the Charter Act of 1813 meant:

Accepted Answer

Free entry of British manufactured goods into India with nominal tariffs, while Indian manufactured goods faced prohibitive import duties in Britain — "One-way free trade" meant British goods entered India with minimal tariffs while Indian goods (notably textiles) faced steep, often prohibitive duties entering Britain — a structurally unequal arrangement central to the nationalist economic critique of colonial trade policy.

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