Question 1

Ramcharitmanas, the monumental Awadhi version of the Ramayana, was written during the 16th century by:

Accepted Answer

Goswami Tulsidas — Tulsidas composed the Ramcharitmanas, a devotional Awadhi retelling of the Ramayana centered on Rama-bhakti, during the 16th century — it remains one of the most widely read and recited religious texts in North India to this day.

Question 2

The Sur Sagar, a celebrated poetic collection dedicated to Lord Krishna, was composed by which blind devotional poet?

Accepted Answer

Surdas — Surdas, traditionally held to have been blind, composed the Sur Sagar, an extensive collection of Krishna-devotional poetry in Braj Bhasha — one of the most celebrated poets of the Krishna bhakti tradition associated with Vallabhacharya's Pushtimarga circle.

Question 3

The Adina Mosque at Pandua represents the distinctive architectural legacy of which regional dynasty?

Accepted Answer

Iliyas Shahi Dynasty of Bengal — The Adina Mosque at Pandua, one of the largest mosques ever built in the Indian subcontinent, was constructed under the Iliyas Shahi dynasty of Bengal — reflecting the independent regional Sultanate's own distinct architectural ambitions separate from Delhi.

Question 4

The Hazara Rama Temple and Vittala Temple complexes with musical pillars were constructed at Hampi by rulers of which empire?

Accepted Answer

Vijayanagara Empire — The Hazara Rama and Vittala temples, including the famous musical pillars of the latter, were built at Hampi under the Vijayanagara Empire — Hampi's temple architecture is a major, frequently-tested example of South Indian Dravida-style temple building at its imperial peak.

Question 5

Which Sufi practice involves listening to devotional spiritual music and ecstatic singing to induce spiritual trance?

Accepted Answer

Sama — Sama refers to the Sufi practice of listening to devotional music/singing (associated particularly with the Chishti order) to induce spiritual ecstasy — distinct from Zikr (repetitive remembrance/chanting of God's name), Chilla (a 40-day ascetic retreat), and Fana (spiritual self-annihilation).

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