UGC NET History Practice Question

The Tevaram contains the compiled devotional compositions of which famous Nayanar saints?

Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar ✓

Manikkavachakar, Karaikkal Ammaiyar, and Nammalvar

Andal, Kulasekhara, and Periayalvar

Basavanna, Allama Prabhu, and Akka Mahadevi

The Tevaram compiles the Shaiva devotional hymns of the three major Nayanar saints Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar — Nammalvar and Andal (option B/C names) belong instead to the Vaishnava Alvar tradition, a common point of confusion worth being careful about.

Who was the founder of the Virashaiva (or Lingayat) movement in 12th-century Karnataka?

Basavanna ✓

Ramanuja

Madhvacharya

Nimbarka

Basavanna founded the Virashaiva (Lingayat) movement in 12th-century Karnataka, a Shiva-devotional and strongly caste-critical tradition — distinct from the Vaishnava Vedanta philosophers Ramanuja, Madhva, and Nimbarka listed as distractors.

The philosophical doctrine of Advaita (Monism / Non-Dualism) was propounded systematically by which early medieval philosopher?

Adi Shankara ✓

Ramanuja

Madhva

Vallabha

Adi Shankara systematized Advaita Vedanta (absolute non-dualism, holding the individual soul and Brahman are ultimately identical) — the other three named philosophers each founded rival Vedanta schools (Vishishtadvaita, Dvaita, Shuddhadvaita respectively) that partly reacted against Shankara's pure monism.

Ramanujacharya propounded which philosophical school of Vedanta, emphasizing devotion (Bhakti) to a personal God (Narayana)?

Vishishtadvaita (Qualified Non-Dualism) ✓

Dvaita (Dualism)

Shuddhadvaita (Pure Non-Dualism)

Dvaitadvaita (Dualistic Monism)

Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita ("qualified non-dualism") holds that the individual soul and Brahman are related but not fully identical, allowing for genuine devotional relationship with a personal God — a philosophical basis well-suited to the emotionally devotional Bhakti movement he helped inspire.

The Sufi order (Silsilah) that was founded in India by Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti had its principal shrine located at:

Ajmer ✓

Delhi

Nagaur

Gulbarga

Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti established the Chishti order in India with his principal shrine (dargah) at Ajmer — it remains one of the most visited Sufi shrines in South Asia and the symbolic center of the Chishti Silsilah's presence in India.

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This question is part of our free Unit-Wise mock test series, drawn from the same real question bank used across every UGC NET History mock test on this site. For structured, chapter-by-chapter notes covering everything these questions test, see our UGC NET History Notes, or try the History Glossary Flashcard Quiz for daily term-by-term practice.