Question 1

The continuation of Kalhana's Rajatarangini up to the reign of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin was authored by:

Accepted Answer

Jonaraja — Jonaraja continued Kalhana's Rajatarangini forward to the reign of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir; Srivara later extended the chronicle further still, together forming a rare continuous multi-century historiographical tradition.

Question 2

What is the title of the work composed by Prince Dara Shikoh to demonstrate the fundamental underlying philosophical harmony between Hinduism and Islam?

Accepted Answer

Majma-ul-Bahrain (Mingling of two Oceans) — Dara Shikoh's Majma-ul-Bahrain ("The Mingling of the Two Oceans") argues for deep philosophical common ground between Vedantic Hindu thought and Sufi Islamic mysticism — reflecting his own syncretic religious outlook, distinct from his separate Persian translation of the Upanishads, Sirr-i-Akbar.

Question 3

The travelogues of John Fryer provide invaluable accounts of social and commercial conditions on the western coast of India under the reign of:

Accepted Answer

Shivaji and Aurangzeb — John Fryer, an English physician-traveler, documented western coastal India (including Bombay, Surat, and the Deccan) during the period overlapping Shivaji's rise and Aurangzeb's reign, providing a valuable English East India Company-era perspective on this transitional period.

Question 4

Tabaqat-i-Akbari, a comprehensive general history of India written without religious bias during Akbar's reign, was authored by:

Accepted Answer

Nizamuddin Ahmad — Nizamuddin Ahmad's Tabaqat-i-Akbari is valued for its relatively even-handed, comprehensive coverage of Indian regional dynastic histories up to Akbar's reign, in contrast to the more overtly ideological Akbarnama and Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh.

Question 5

The Dabistan-i-Mazahib, a 17th-century comparative study of different religions and sects in India (including Din-i-Ilahi and Sikhism), is attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Mobad Shah (or Zulfiqar Ardestani) — The Dabistan-i-Mazahib, most commonly attributed to Mobad Shah (Zulfiqar Ardestani, though authorship is debated and sometimes credited to Mohsin Fani), is a uniquely wide-ranging 17th-century comparative survey of Indian religions and sects, including firsthand description of Akbar's Din-i-Ilahi and early Sikhism.

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