Question 1

The classical Sanskrit chronicle Rajatarangini, detailing the history of Kashmir kings, was written in the 12th century by:

Accepted Answer

Kalhana — Kalhana's 12th-century Rajatarangini is celebrated as one of the earliest works of Indian historical writing with a genuine sense of chronology and critical method, tracing Kashmir's kings from legendary antiquity to his own time.

Question 2

The continuation of Kalhana's Rajatarangini up to the reign of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin was authored by:

Accepted Answer

Jonaraja — Jonaraja continued Kalhana's Rajatarangini forward to the reign of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir; Srivara later extended the chronicle further still, together forming a rare continuous multi-century historiographical tradition.

Question 3

What is the title of the work composed by Prince Dara Shikoh to demonstrate the fundamental underlying philosophical harmony between Hinduism and Islam?

Accepted Answer

Majma-ul-Bahrain (Mingling of two Oceans) — Dara Shikoh's Majma-ul-Bahrain ("The Mingling of the Two Oceans") argues for deep philosophical common ground between Vedantic Hindu thought and Sufi Islamic mysticism — reflecting his own syncretic religious outlook, distinct from his separate Persian translation of the Upanishads, Sirr-i-Akbar.

Question 4

The travelogues of John Fryer provide invaluable accounts of social and commercial conditions on the western coast of India under the reign of:

Accepted Answer

Shivaji and Aurangzeb — John Fryer, an English physician-traveler, documented western coastal India (including Bombay, Surat, and the Deccan) during the period overlapping Shivaji's rise and Aurangzeb's reign, providing a valuable English East India Company-era perspective on this transitional period.

Question 5

Tabaqat-i-Akbari, a comprehensive general history of India written without religious bias during Akbar's reign, was authored by:

Accepted Answer

Nizamuddin Ahmad — Nizamuddin Ahmad's Tabaqat-i-Akbari is valued for its relatively even-handed, comprehensive coverage of Indian regional dynastic histories up to Akbar's reign, in contrast to the more overtly ideological Akbarnama and Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh.

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