Question 1

Chachnama, the primary source for the Arab conquest of Sind, was originally written in Arabic and translated into Persian by:

Accepted Answer

Ali Kufi — The original Arabic account of Muhammad bin Qasim's conquest of Sind was translated into Persian by Ali Kufi in the 13th century as the Chachnama — the surviving Persian version is the main source historians rely on for the Arab conquest, the Arabic original being lost.

Question 2

The Qanun-i-Humayuni, describing administrative regulations and court festivities during Humayun's reign, was composed by:

Accepted Answer

Khwandamir — Khwandamir, a distinguished Persian historian who joined Humayun's court, wrote the Qanun-i-Humayuni (Humayun-nama) detailing court regulations, ceremonial protocol, and administrative organization under Humayun.

Question 3

Which administrative manual written by Abul Fazl provides detailed tables of land revenue assessments, crop prices, and administrative divisions (Sarkars and Parganas)?

Accepted Answer

Ain-i-Akbari (Volume III of Akbarnama) — The Ain-i-Akbari, technically the third volume of the Akbarnama, is a statistical gazetteer providing detailed data on revenue rates, crop prices, administrative divisions, and court departments — the single richest quantitative source for Mughal administration under Akbar.

Question 4

The Siyar-ul-Mutakherin, an essential primary source for late Mughal history and early British expansion in Bengal, was written by:

Accepted Answer

Ghulam Husain Tabatabai — Ghulam Husain Tabatabai's Siyar-ul-Mutakherin covers late Mughal decline and the early phase of British expansion in Bengal, offering a contemporary Indian Muslim perspective on the transition to colonial rule.

Question 5

In Marathi historical source terminology, what does the word Bakhar refer to?

Accepted Answer

Vernacular prose historical narratives and memoirs — Bakhars are vernacular Marathi prose chronicles/memoirs (e.g., on Shivaji and the Marathas), a genre distinct from Persian court tarikh histories — valuable, though often written after the events they describe and needing careful, critical use.

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